Graal Bible - User contributions [en]

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:52:47Z

Julien: /* Language Elements */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ([[#string type|string type]]).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like [[#int type|int]], '''number''', [[#string type|string]]. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====boolean type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with two possible values, '''true''' or '''false'''. These values represents the result of logical expressions.

'''Example'''
var graal_is_cool : '''boolean''' = true;
var is_dark : '''boolean''' = false;
var is_light : '''boolean''' = !is_dark;

====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : '''int''' = 123;

====string type====
Represents textual data using a string of characters. 
A string cannot be null but may be empty (with a length of zero).

'''Example'''
var text : '''string''' = "hello";

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

===Declaration Keywords===
====const keyword====
'''Usage'''
'''const''' ''constant_name'' : type = constant_value;

Specifies a variable with a unique and constant value at compilation and execution time. 
Constants are automatically inlined to their value by the compiler, so it is recommended for optimization purposes to prefer constants to normal variables when their value never changes.

'''Example'''
const winning_points : int = 1000;
const hello_text : string = "hello";
const world_text : string = "world";
const hello_world_text : string = hello_text @ world_text;
winning_points = 500; // KO as winning_points must be constant

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:41:01Z

Julien: /* Types */

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:40:16Z

Julien: /* Types */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ([[#string type|string type]]).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like [[#int type|int]], '''number''', [[#string type|string]]. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====boolean type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with two possible values, '''true''' or '''false'''. These values represents the result of logical expressions.

'''Example'''
var graal_is_cool : boolean = true;
var is_dark : boolean = false;
var is_light : boolean = !is_dark;

====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : int = 123;

====string type====
Represents textual data using a string of characters. 
A string cannot be null but may be empty (with a length of zero).

'''Example'''
var text : '''string''' = "hello";

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:32:23Z

Julien: /* as operator */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ([[#string type|string type]]).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like [[#int type|int]], '''number''', [[#string type|string]]. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : int = 123;
echo(123); // 123

====string type====
Represents textual data using a string of characters. 
A string cannot be null but may be empty (with a length of zero).

'''Example'''
var text : '''string''' = "hello";
echo(text); // "hello"

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:32:00Z

Julien: /* append (@) operator */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ([[#string type|string type]]).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like [[#int type|int]], '''number''', '''string'''. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : int = 123;
echo(123); // 123

====string type====
Represents textual data using a string of characters. 
A string cannot be null but may be empty (with a length of zero).

'''Example'''
var text : '''string''' = "hello";
echo(text); // "hello"

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:31:06Z

Julien: /* Types */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ('''string''' type).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like [[#int type|int]], '''number''', '''string'''. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : int = 123;
echo(123); // 123

====string type====
Represents textual data using a string of characters. 
A string cannot be null but may be empty (with a length of zero).

'''Example'''
var text : '''string''' = "hello";
echo(text); // "hello"

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:24:35Z

Julien: /* as operator */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ('''string''' type).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like [[#int type|int]], '''number''', '''string'''. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : int = 123;
echo(123); // 123

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:24:14Z

Julien: /* addition assignment (+=) operator */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ('''string''' type).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like '''int''', '''number''', '''string'''. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : int = 123;
echo(123); // 123

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:23:29Z

Julien: /* addition (+) operator */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ([[#int type|int]] or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ('''int''' or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ('''string''' type).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like '''int''', '''number''', '''string'''. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : int = 123;
echo(123); // 123

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:21:29Z

Julien: /* Types */

[[Category:Scripting Reference]]
'''GScript3''' is the latest version of the [[Creation/Dev/GScript|Graal's scripting language]]. 
It introduces new syntax and semantic elements, and enable new features in Web browsers.

==Language Elements==

===Operators===
====addition (+) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

Adds together ''numeric_expression1'' and ''numeric_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ('''int''' or '''number''' types).

To concatenate strings, the [[#append (@) operator|append (@) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo(1 + 2); // 3
echo(1.5 + 2.25); // 3.75

====addition assignment (+=) operator====
'''Usage'''
''numeric_expression1'' '''+=''' ''numeric_expression2''

Puts the result of ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2'' into ''numeric_expression1''. 
Both expressions must be numeric ('''int''' or '''number''' types).

This is a direct equivalent of the following expression:
''numeric_expression1'' '''=''' ''numeric_expression1'' '''+''' ''numeric_expression2''

To concatenate strings, the [[#append assignment (@=) operator|append assignment (@=) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var result : int = 10;
result '''+=''' 20;
echo(result); // 30

====append (@) operator====
'''Usage'''
''string_expression1'' '''@''' ''string_expression2''

Concats together ''string_expression1'' and ''string_expression2''. 
Both expressions must be string ('''string''' type).

To add numbers, the [[#addition (+) operator|addition (+) operator]] must be used instead.

'''Example'''
echo("hello " '''@''' "world"); // "hello world"

====as operator====
'''Usage'''
''expression'' '''as''' ''target_type''

Converts the source type of ''expression'' to ''target_type''. 
The target type must be an object type, not a basic type like '''int''', '''number''', '''string'''. 
The source type must be a member of the target type.

'''Example'''
class Animal { ... }
class Cat extends Animal { ... }
class Dog extends Animal { ... }
var cat : Cat = new Cat();
var dog : Dog = new Dog();
var cat_as_animal : Animal = cat as Animal; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_cat : Cat = cat_as_animal as Cat; // OK as the Cat type is a member of the Animal type.
var cat_as_dog : Dog = cat as Dog; // KO as the Cat type is not a member of the Dog type.
var cat_as_animal_as_dog : Dog = cat_as_animal as Dog; // null as the Cat as Animal type is not a member of the Dog type.

====type (:) operator====
'''Usage'''
var ''variable_name'' ''':''' ''type''
function ''function_name''(''parameter'' ''':''' ''type'', ...) ''':''' ''return_type'' { ... }

Specifies the type for a variable or function declaration. 
For functions, this operator must be used to specify the return type, and the type of parameters if any.

'''Example'''
var language ''':''' string = "GScript";
var version ''':''' int = 3;

function sayHello() ''':''' void {
echo("hello");
}

function addNumbers(a : int, b : int) : int {
return a + b;
}

===Types===
====int type====
Enables to define variables, function parameters or return values with a 32-bit signed integer number type.

With this type, you can define integer numbers between -2,147,483,648 (-2 ^ 31) and 2,147,483,647 (2 ^ 31 - 1). 
To work with floating-point numbers, or define numbers outside this range, the '''number''' type must be used instead.

'''Example'''
var integer_number : int = 123;
echo(123); // 123

====void type====
'''Usage'''
function ''function_name''( ... ) : '''void''' { ... }

Specifies that a function does not return any value. 
Only empty return statements must be used in functions with '''void''' type.

'''Example'''
function emptyFunction() : '''void''' {
}

function logMessage(message : string, hasLog : boolean) : '''void''' {
if (!hasLog)
return; // No returned value.
echo(message);
}

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-06T08:10:28Z

Julien:

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-05T14:49:07Z

Julien:

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-05T14:37:12Z

Julien: /* as operator */

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-05T14:19:39Z

Julien:

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-05T13:42:48Z

Julien: /* addition assignment (+=) operator */

Creation/Dev/GScript3

2013-06-05T13:41:19Z

Julien: Created page with 'Category:Scripting Reference '''GScript3''' is the latest version of the Graal's scripting language. It introduces new syntax and semantic eleme…'